위협전술보고 2015 · 미주

1. Office of the Secretary of Defense, “Military and Security Developments Involving the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea,”(조선민주주의인민공화국 관련 군사 및 안보동향) Annual Report to Congress, p 1, 2013.

2. Voice of America (VOA), “North Korea Clarifies Political Role of Kim Jong Un’s Sister,”(공화국, 경애하는 김정은동지의 누이동생의 정치적역할 해명) 26 November 2014; Scott Smith, “Kim Jong Un’s little sister named to top leadership post in North Korea,”(경애하는 김정은동지의 누이동생, 공화국 최고지도부 직위에 임명) United Press International (UPI), 28 November 2014; North Korea Leadership Watch, “Kim Yo Jong,”(김여정) 10 March 2014; BBC, “Timeline: North Korean attacks,”(년표: 공화국의 공격) 1 April 2013; Troy P. Krause, “Countering North Korean Special Purpose Forces,”(공화국 특수목적부대에 대한 대응) pp 3-4, Air Command and Staff College, Air University, Maxwell Air Force Base AL, April 1999; KJ Won and Hilary Whiteman, “North Korea publicly executes defense chief, South Korean spy agency says,”(공화국, 인민무력부장을 공개처형하였다고 남조선 정보기관 발표) CNN, 13 May 2015.

3. North Korea Leadership Watch, “Kim Jong Un,”(경애하는 김정은동지) Undated; BBC, “Profile: Kim Jong-un,”(인물: 경애하는 김정은동지) 14 October 2014.

4. Steve Herman, “Secret Manual Gives Glimpse of North Korean Military Tactics,”(비밀교범이 보여주는 공화국군 전술의 편린) VOA, 18 September 2010; STRATFOR, “Dispatch: Korea’s Refocusing Policy Postures,”(급보: 조선의 정책태세 재조정) 18 November 2010; Charles Scanlon, “North Korea: Past lessons will affect the next move,”(공화국: 과거의 교훈이 다음 행보에 영향을 미칠것이다) 4 April 2013.

5. Vincent R. Stewart, “Statement for the Record: Worldwide Threat Assessment,”(기록용 진술: 세계 위협평가) Defense Intelligence Agency Director to the Armed Services Committee, United States House of Representatives, 3 February 2015; Office of the Secretary of Defense, “Military and Security Developments Involving the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea,”(조선민주주의인민공화국 관련 군사 및 안보동향) Annual Report to Congress, p 6, 2013; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Army,”(공화국 > 륙군) 1 September 2014; Associated Press (AP), “Chronology of North Korea’s missile program,”(공화국 미싸일계획 년표) The Las Vegas Sun, 15 March 2012; NewsmaxWorld, “SKorea: NKorea Can Launch Nuclear-Tipped Missiles,”(남조선: 공화국은 핵탄두미싸일을 발사할수 있다) 3 September 2013; Homer Hodge, “North Korea’s Military Strategy,”(공화국의 군사전략) Parameters, pp 68-81, Spring 2003, Nautilus DPRK Briefing Book; James M. Minnich, The North Korean People’s Army: Origins and Current Tactics”(조선인민군: 기원과 현행 전술) Naval Institute Press, 2005, pp 68-69.

6. Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), “Military and Security Developments Involving the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea,”(조선민주주의인민공화국 관련 군사 및 안보동향) Annual Report to Congress, pp 6-7, 2013; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “North Korea – Strategic Weapons Systems,”(공화국 – 전략무기) 23 July 2014.

7. Frank L. Goldstein and Frank E. Emmett, “A Psychological Perspective on the People within the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK),”(조선민주주의인민공화국 주민에 대한 심리학적관점) 18 April 2004.

8. Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “North Korea – Internal Affairs,”(공화국 – 국내문제) 28 August 2014; Julian Ryall, “Kim Jong-un’s aunt died of stroke during ‘heated argument on phone with leader,”(경애하는 김정은동지의 고모, 《지도자와의 격렬한 전화언쟁》중 뇌졸중으로 사망) The Telegraph, 1 December 2014; Chris Irvine, “Rare images show Kim Jong-un’s uncle being dragged away,”(경애하는 김정은동지의 고모부가 끌려나가는 모습을 담은 희귀사진) The Telegraph, 9 December 2013; Christolf Lehmann, “North Korea’s Execution of Jang Song Taek, Peace in the Korean Peninsula and National Sovereignty,”(공화국의 장성택 처형, 조선반도의 평화와 국가주권) NSBC International, 13 December 2013; North Korea Leadership Watch, “Jang Song Taek Dies By Execution,”(장성택, 처형으로 사망) 13 December 2013; Choe Sang Hun and David E. Sanger, “Korea Execution Is Tied to Clash Over Businesses,”(조선의 처형은 사업을 둘러싼 충돌과 련관) The New York Times, 23 December 2013; North Korea Leadership Watch, “Jang Song Taek,”(장성택) 28 January 2011; Benjamin Kang Lim, “Exclusive: North Korea’s military to share power with Kim’s heir,”(단독: 공화국군, 위대한 령도자 김정일동지의 후계자와 권력을 나눌 예정) Reuters, 21 December 2011; BBC, “What is known about North Korea’s brutal purge?,”(공화국의 잔혹한 숙청에 대하여 알려진것은 무엇인가?) 13

December 2013; BBC, “What does purge say about North Korea’s stability?,”(숙청은 공화국의 안정성에 대하여 무엇을 말해주는가?) 12 December 2013; BBC, “Profile: Chang Song-thaek,”(인물: 장성택) 12 December 2013.

9. Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Armed Forces,”(공화국 > 무장력) 2 July 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Army,”(공화국 > 륙군) 1 September 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Air Force,”(공화국 > 항공군) 1 September 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Navy,”(공화국 > 해군) 1 September 2014; Central Intelligence Agency, “Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments: Korea, North – NDE,”(외국정부의 국가수반과 내각성원: 공화국 – NDE) 25 September 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “North Korea – Internal Affairs,”(공화국 – 국내문제) 28 August 2014; Victor Cha, “North Korea’s Saturday Surprise at the Asian Games,”(아시아경기대회에서의 공화국의 토요일 기습) Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), 6 October 2014; Dana Ford, “North Korea says leader has reappeared,”(공화국, 지도자께서 다시 나타나시였다고 발표) CNN, 15 October 2014; Choe Sang Hun, “North Korea Chief Walks Minus Cane,”(공화국 지도자, 지팽이 없이 걸으시다) The New York Times, 5 November 2014; Hyung Jin Kim and Foster Klug, “Top North Korea Officials Make Rare Visit to South Korea,”(공화국 최고위관리들, 남조선 이례적방문) AP via Huffington Post, 6 October 2014; Michael Madden, “Kim Jong Un’s Pyongyang Shuffle,”(경애하는 김정은동지의 평양 인사개편) 38 North, 5 April 2013; Martin Sieff, “Hardliner Hwang Pyong So is North Korea’s second in command,”(강경파 황병서는 공화국의 2인자) APD Forum, 28 May 2014; James Pearson and Jack Kim, “North Korea Official Hwang Pyong So Rises Ranks Amid Speculation Over Kim,”(공화국 관리 황병서, 경애하는 김정은동지를 둘러싼 억측속에 승진) The World Post, 14 October 2014; Hot Air, “O Kuk-ryol: The Power Behind the Throne,”(오극렬: 왕좌 뒤의 실세) 3 June 2009; Elites et economie de la Coree du Nord, “O Kuk Ryol: The Old Guard Never Dies,”(오극렬: 로세대는 결코 죽지 않는다) 11 April 2013; North Korea Leadership Watch, “VMAR Ri Yong Mu,”(차수 리용무) Undated; North Korea Leadership Watch, “Gen. Choe Pu Il,”(대장 최부일) 27 September 2013; North Korea Leadership Watch, “Gen. Hyon Yong Chol,”(대장 현영철) 25 June 2014; AP, “Hyong Yong Chol Named North Korea’s New Military Chief,”(현영철, 공화국의 새 군 수뇌로 임명) The World Post, 16 July 2012; Brian Kim, “Hyon Yong Chol,”(현영철) CSIS, Undated; Fortuna’s Corner, “The New Face in the North Korean Regime,”(공화국 정권의 새 얼굴) 11 April 2014; North Korea Leadership Watch, “Pak To Chun,”(박도춘) 14 August 2013; North Korea Leadership Watch, “Gen. Kim Won Hong,”(대장 김원홍) 12 April 2012; North Korea Leadership Watch, “Ri Yong Mu,”(리용무) Undated; The Chosunilbo, “N.Korean Military in Crisis,”(위기에 처한 공화국군) 18 July 2012.

10. Vincent R. Stewart, “Statement for the Record: Worldwide Threat Assessment,”(기록용 진술: 세계 위협평가) Defense Intelligence Agency Director to the Armed Services Committee, United States House of Representatives, 3 February 2015; Hewlett-Packard Development Company, “Profiling an enigma: The mystery of North Korea’s cyber threat landscape,”(수수께끼의 윤곽 그리기: 공화국 싸이버위협환경의 비밀) HP Security Briefing, Episode 16, August 2014, Page 3-4; United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) The World Factbook. “North Korea.”(공화국) 20 June 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “North Korea – External Affairs,”(공화국 – 대외관계) 28 August 2014.

11. Central Intelligence Agency, “Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments: Korea, North – NDE,”(외국정부의 국가수반과 내각성원: 공화국 – NDE) 25 September 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > External Affairs,”(공화국 > 대외관계) 28 August 2014.

12. Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Security,”(공화국 > 안보) 28 August 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > External Affairs,”(공화국 > 대외관계) 28 August 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “North Korea – Strategic Weapons Systems,”(공화국 – 전략무기) 23 July 2014: Foster Klug, “A Look at North Korea’s Global Weapons Business,”(공화국의 세계적무기거래 들여다보기) AP via The Irrawaddy, 18 July 2013; Tim Johnson, “Panama: Cuban weapons aboard North Korean ship part of ‘major deal’,”(빠나마: 공화국 선박에 실린 꾸바 무기는 《대형거래》의 일부) The Christian Science Monitor, 11 October 2013; AFP, “N. Korea shipped missile parts to Syria: media,”(공화국, 시리아에 미싸일부품 선적: 언론) 14 Google News, November 2012; Global Security, “North Korea Selling Missiles in Asia, Middle East: U.N. Report,”(공화국, 아시아·중동에 미싸일 판매: 유엔 보고) 17 May 2011.

13. US Library of Congress Federal Research Division, “Area Handbook Series: North Korea—A Country Study,”(지역편람총서: 공화국 – 국가연구) 2008, pp 247, 252-253; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Defence Budget,”(공화국 > 국방예산) 1 July 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Armed Forces,”(공화국 > 무장력) 2 July 2014; Military Periscope, “Nations/Alliances/Geographic Areas: Asia – North Korea: Overview,”(국가/동맹/지리적지역: 아시아 – 공화국: 개관) 1 September 2014.

14. US Library of Congress Federal Research Division, “Area Handbook Series: North Korea—A Country Study,”(지역편람총서: 공화국 – 국가연구) 2008, p 247; Vincent R. Stewart, “Statement for the Record: Worldwide Threat Assessment,”(기록용 진술: 세계 위협평가) Defense Intelligence Agency Director to the Armed Services Committee, United States House of Representatives, 3 February 2015; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Security,”(공화국 > 안보) 28 August 2014; Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), “Annual Threat Assessment,”(년례 위협평가) [North Korea], 11 February 2014; Association of the United States Army (AUSA), “The U.S. Army in Korea,”(조선에서의 미 륙군) August 2014; Homer Hodge, “North Korea’s Military Strategy,”(공화국의 군사전략) Parameters, pp 68-81, Spring 2003, Nautilus DPRK Briefing Book.

15. Military Periscope, “Nations/Alliances/Geographic Regions: Asia – North Korea: Army,”(국가/동맹/지리적지역: 아시아 – 공화국: 륙군) September 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Strategic Weapons Systems,”(전략무기) 23 July 2014.

16. Military Periscope, “Nations/Alliances/Geographic Regions: Asia – North Korea: Army,”(국가/동맹/지리적지역: 아시아 – 공화국: 륙군) September 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Strategic Weapons Systems,”(전략무기) 23 July 2014.

17. US Library of Congress Federal Research Division, “Area Handbook Series: North Korea—A Country Study,”(지역편람총서: 공화국 – 국가연구) 2008, pp 249-252; Military Periscope, “Nations/Alliances/Geographic Regions: Asia – North Korea: Army,”(국가/동맹/지리적지역: 아시아 – 공화국: 륙군) 1 September 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Army,”(공화국 > 륙군) 1 September 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Army,”(공화국 > 륙군) 1 September 2014; The Chonsunilbo, “N Korean Elite Sniper Defects,”(공화국 정예 저격병 탈북) 16 November 2011; Troy P. Krause,

“Countering North Korean Special Purpose Forces,”(공화국 특수목적부대에 대한 대응) pp 12-18, Air Command and Staff College, Air University, Maxwell Air Force Base AL, April 1999.

18. Military Periscope, “Nations/Alliances/Geographic Regions: Asia – North Korea: Army,”(국가/동맹/지리적지역: 아시아 – 공화국: 륙군) 1 September 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Army,”(공화국 > 륙군) 1 September 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Army,”(공화국 > 륙군) 1 September 2014.

19. US Library of Congress Federal Research Division, “Area Handbook Series: North Korea—A Country Study,”(지역편람총서: 공화국 – 국가연구) 2008, pp 254-257; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Security and Foreign Forces,”(공화국 > 안보와 외국군) 28 August 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Army,”(공화국 > 륙군) 1 September 2014.

20. Military Periscope, “Nations/Alliances/Geographic Regions: Asia – North Korea: Air Force,”(국가/동맹/지리적지역: 아시아 – 공화국: 항공군) September 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Air Force,”(공화국 > 항공군) 1 September 2014; Jane’s World Air Forces, “North Korea – Air Force,”(공화국 – 항공군) 9 April 2014.

21. Military Periscope, “Nations/Alliances/Geographic Regions: Asia – North Korea: Air Force,”(국가/동맹/지리적지역: 아시아 – 공화국: 항공군) September 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Air Force,”(공화국 > 항공군) 1 September 2014.

22. Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Air Force,”(공화국 > 항공군) 1 September 2014; Jane’s World Air Forces, “North Korea – Air Force,”(공화국 – 항공군) 9 April 2014; Jane’s World Air Forces, “North Korea – Air Force,”(공화국 – 항공군) 9 April 2014.

23. Military Periscope, “Nations/Alliances/Geographic Regions: Asia – North Korea: Navy,”(국가/동맹/지리적지역: 아시아 – 공화국: 해군) September 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Navy,”(공화국 > 해군) 1 September 2014; David Axe, “North Korea Preps Hovercraft Assault Force,”(공화국, 공기부양정 강습부대 준비) Danger Room, 3 February 2011; The Inquisitr, “Two North Korean Submarines Allegedly Missing,”(공화국 잠수함 2척 실종 주장) 16 April 2013.

24. Vincent R. Stewart, “Statement for the Record: Worldwide Threat Assessment,”(기록용 진술: 세계 위협평가) Defense Intelligence Agency Director to the Armed Services Committee, United States House of Representatives, 3 February 2015; Military Periscope, “Nations/Alliances/Geographic Regions: Asia – North Korea: Navy,”(국가/동맹/지리적지역: 아시아 – 공화국: 해군) September 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Navy,”(공화국 > 해군) 1 September 2014: The Washington Free Beacon, “U.S. Commander in Korea Leads Secret Strategy Session,”(주조선 미군사령관, 비밀전략회의 주재) 26 January 2015; Raf Sanchez, “Here’s What We Know About What North Korea Can Hit,”(공화국이 타격할수 있는 목표에 대하여 우리가 아는것) The Telegraph, 30 March 2013; BBC, “North Korea threats: Missile defences in the region,”(공화국의 위협: 지역의 미싸일방어) 5 April 2013; BBC, “How potent are North Korea’s threats,”(공화국의 위협은 얼마나 강력한가) 2 April 2013.

25. Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Armed Forces,”(공화국 > 무장력) 2 July 2014; Military Periscope, “Nations/Alliances/Geographic Regions: Asia – North Korea: Navy,”(국가/동맹/지리적지역: 아시아 – 공화국: 해군) September 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Navy,”(공화국 > 해군) 1 September 2014.

26. Frank L. Goldstein and Frank E. Emmett, “A Psychological Perspective on the People within the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK),”(조선민주주의인민공화국 주민에 대한 심리학적관점) 18 April 2004; Association of the United States Army (AUSA), “The U.S. Army in Korea,”(조선에서의 미 륙군) August 2014.

27. Paul Szoldra and Geoffrey Ingersoll, “North Korea’s Fighter Fleet is Full of Decrepit Russian MiG 21s,”(공화국의 전투기 보유량은 낡은 로씨야제 미그-21로 가득차있다) Business Insider, 2 April 2013; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Armed Forces,”(공화국 > 무장력) 2 July 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Army,”(공화국 > 륙군) 1 September 2014.

28. Vincent R. Stewart, “Statement for the Record: Worldwide Threat Assessment,”(기록용 진술: 세계 위협평가) Defense Intelligence Agency Director to the Armed Services Committee, United States House of Representatives, 3 February 2015; US Library of Congress Federal Research Division, “Area Handbook Series: North Korea—A Country Study,”(지역편람총서: 공화국 – 국가연구) 2008, p 247; Association of the United States Army (AUSA), “The U.S. Army in Korea,”(조선에서의 미 륙군) August 2014; BBC, “North Korea’s missile programme,”(공화국의 미싸일계획) 17 June 2014.

29. Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Armed Forces,”(공화국 > 무장력) 2 July 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Army,”(공화국 > 륙군) 1 September 2014; Steve Herman, “Secret Manual Gives Glimpse of North Korean Military Tactics,”(비밀교범이 보여주는 공화국군 전술의 편린) VOA, 18 September 2010.

30. Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Armed Forces,”(공화국 > 무장력) 2 July 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Navy,”(공화국 > 해군) 1 September 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Air Force,”(공화국 > 항공군) 1 September 2014; Steve Herman, “Secret Manual Gives Glimpse of North Korean Military Tactics,”(비밀교범이 보여주는 공화국군 전술의 편린) VOA, 18 September 2010; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, PP 5-7.

31. James M. Minnich, The North Korean People’s Army: Origins and Current Tactics(조선인민군: 기원과 현행 전술), Naval Institute Press, 2005, pp 73-74; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, pp 10.

32. James M. Minnich, The North Korean People’s Army: Origins and Current Tactics(조선인민군: 기원과 현행 전술), Naval Institute Press, 2005, pp 68-69.

33. Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Armed Forces,”(공화국 > 무장력) 2 July 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “North Korea – Strategic Weapons Systems,”(공화국 – 전략무기) 23 July 2014; Association of the United States Army (AUSA), “The U.S. Army in

Korea,”(조선에서의 미 륙군) August 2014; James M. Minnich, The North Korean People’s Army: Origins and Current Tactics(조선인민군: 기원과 현행 전술), Naval Institute Press, 2005, pp 68-69.

34. Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Armed Forces,”(공화국 > 무장력) 2 July 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Army,”(공화국 > 륙군) 1 September 2014; Troy P. Krause, “Countering North Korean Special Purpose Forces,”(공화국 특수목적부대에 대한 대응) p 1, Air Command and Staff College, Air University, Maxwell Air Force Base AL, April 1999.

35. James M. Minnich, The North Korean People’s Army: Origins and Current Tactics(조선인민군: 기원과 현행 전술), Naval Institute Press, 2005, p 75; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, pp 10.

36. James M. Minnich, The North Korean People’s Army: Origins and Current Tactics(조선인민군: 기원과 현행 전술), Naval Institute Press, 2005, p 75; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, PP 10.

37. James M. Minnich, The North Korean People’s Army: Origins and Current Tactics(조선인민군: 기원과 현행 전술), Naval Institute Press, 2005, p 76; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, PP 10.

38. James M. Minnich, The North Korean People’s Army: Origins and Current Tactics(조선인민군: 기원과 현행 전술), Naval Institute Press, 2005, pp 75-76; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, PP 10.

39. Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Armed Forces,”(공화국 > 무장력) 2 July 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Navy,”(공화국 > 해군) 1 September 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “North Korea – Strategic Weapons Systems,”(공화국 – 전략무기) 23 July 2014; James R. Holmes, “Anti-Access on the Korean Peninsula,”(조선반도에서의 접근거부) The Diplomat, 30 October 2012.

40. Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Armed Forces,”(공화국 > 무장력) 2 July 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Navy,”(공화국 > 해군) 1 September 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Army,”(공화국 > 륙군) 1 September 2014; Steve Herman, “Secret Manual Gives Glimpse of North Korean Military Tactics,”(비밀교범이 보여주는 공화국군 전술의 편린) VOA, 18 September 2010.

41. Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Armed Forces,”(공화국 > 무장력) 2 July 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Navy,”(공화국 > 해군) 1 September 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Army,”(공화국 > 륙군) 1 September 2014; Steve Herman, “Secret Manual Gives Glimpse of North Korean Military Tactics,”(비밀교범이 보여주는 공화국군 전술의 편린) VOA, 18 September 2010; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, PP 9-11.

42. James M. Minnich, The North Korean People’s Army: Origins and Current Tactics”(조선인민군: 기원과 현행 전술) Naval Institute Press, 2005, pp 79-87; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, PP 9-15; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Armed Forces,”(공화국 > 무장력) 2 July 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Navy,”(공화국 > 해군) 1 September 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Army,”(공화국 > 륙군) 1 September 2014; Steve Herman, “Secret Manual Gives Glimpse of North Korean Military Tactics,”(비밀교범이 보여주는 공화국군 전술의 편린) VOA, 18 September 2010.

43. James M. Minnich, The North Korean People’s Army: Origins and Current Tactics(조선인민군: 기원과 현행 전술), Naval Institute Press, 2005, pp 80-82; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, PP 11-12.

44. James M. Minnich, The North Korean People’s Army: Origins and Current Tactics(조선인민군: 기원과 현행 전술), Naval Institute Press, 2005, pp 82-83; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, PP 12-13.

45. James M. Minnich, The North Korean People’s Army: Origins and Current Tactics(조선인민군: 기원과 현행 전술), Naval Institute Press, 2005, pp 83-84; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, p 13.

46. James M. Minnich, The North Korean People’s Army: Origins and Current Tactics(조선인민군: 기원과 현행 전술), Naval Institute Press, 2005, p 84; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, pp 13-14.

47. James M. Minnich, The North Korean People’s Army: Origins and Current Tactics(조선인민군: 기원과 현행 전술), Naval Institute Press, 2005, pp 84-85; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, p 14.

48. James M. Minnich, The North Korean People’s Army: Origins and Current Tactics(조선인민군: 기원과 현행 전술), Naval Institute Press, 2005, pp 85-86; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, pp 14-15.

49. James M. Minnich, The North Korean People’s Army: Origins and Current Tactics(조선인민군: 기원과 현행 전술), Naval Institute Press, 2005, pp 86-87; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, p 15.

50. James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, PP 10; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Armed Forces,”(공화국 > 무장력) 2 July 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Navy,”(공화국 > 해군) 1 September 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Army,”(공화국 > 륙군) 1 September 2014; Steve Herman, “Secret Manual Gives Glimpse of North Korean Military Tactics,”(비밀교범이 보여주는 공화국군 전술의 편린) VOA, 18 September 2010; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, PP 9-11.

51. Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Armed Forces,”(공화국 > 무장력) 2 July 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Navy,”(공화국 > 해군) 1 September 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Army,”(공화국 > 륙군) 1 September 2014; Steve Herman, “Secret Manual Gives Glimpse of North Korean Military Tactics,”(비밀교범이 보여주는 공화국군 전술의 편린) VOA, 18 September 2010; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, pp 9-11.

52. Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Armed Forces,”(공화국 > 무장력) 2 July 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Navy,”(공화국 > 해군) 1 September 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Army,”(공화국 > 륙군) 1 September 2014; Steve Herman, “Secret Manual Gives Glimpse of North Korean Military Tactics,”(비밀교범이 보여주는 공화국군 전술의 편린) VOA, 18 September 2010; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, pp 9-11.

53. Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Armed Forces,”(공화국 > 무장력) 2 July 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Navy,”(공화국 > 해군) 1 September 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Army,”(공화국 > 륙군) 1 September 2014; Steve Herman, “Secret Manual Gives Glimpse of North Korean Military Tactics,”(비밀교범이 보여주는 공화국군 전술의 편린) VOA, 18 September 2010; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, pp 9-11.

54. Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Armed Forces,”(공화국 > 무장력) 2 July 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Navy,”(공화국 > 해군) 1 September 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Army,”(공화국 > 륙군) 1 September 2014; Steve Herman, “Secret Manual Gives Glimpse of North Korean Military Tactics,”(비밀교범이 보여주는 공화국군 전술의 편린) VOA, 18 September 2010; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, pp 9-11; BBC, “North Korea: New camouflage for biplane fleet,”(공화국: 복엽기 편대의 새 위장) 7 April 2015.

55. Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Armed Forces,”(공화국 > 무장력) 2 July 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Navy,”(공화국 > 해군) 1 September 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Army,”(공화국 > 륙군) 1 September 2014; Steve Herman, “Secret Manual Gives Glimpse of North Korean Military Tactics,”(비밀교범이 보여주는 공화국군 전술의 편린) VOA, 18 September 2010; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, pp 9-11 & 23.

56. Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Armed Forces,”(공화국 > 무장력) 2 July 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Navy,”(공화국 > 해군) 1 September 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Army,”(공화국 > 륙군) 1 September 2014; Steve Herman, “Secret Manual Gives Glimpse of North Korean Military Tactics,”(비밀교범이 보여주는 공화국군 전술의 편린) VOA, 18 September 2010; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, pp 9-11.

57. Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Armed Forces,”(공화국 > 무장력) 2 July 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Navy,”(공화국 > 해군) 1 September 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Army,”(공화국 > 륙군) 1 September 2014; Steve Herman, “Secret Manual Gives Glimpse of North Korean Military Tactics,”(비밀교범이 보여주는 공화국군 전술의 편린) VOA, 18 September 2010; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, pp 9-11.

58. Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Armed Forces,”(공화국 > 무장력) 2 July 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Navy,”(공화국 > 해군) 1 September 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Army,”(공화국 > 륙군) 1 September 2014; Steve Herman, “Secret Manual Gives Glimpse of North Korean Military Tactics,”(비밀교범이 보여주는 공화국군 전술의 편린) VOA, 18 September 2010; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, pp 9-11; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, PP 9-11.

59. Department of the Army, “TC 7-100.2, Opposing Force Tactics,”(TC 7-100.2, 가적수 전술) Approved Final Draft, August 2011, pp 3-13 to 3-16; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS,

pp 11-15; James M. Minnich, The North Korean People’s Army: Origins and Current Tactics(조선인민군: 기원과 현행 전술), Naval Institute Press, 2005, pp 86-87.

60. Department of the Army, “TC 7-100.2, Opposing Force Tactics,”(TC 7-100.2, 가적수 전술) Approved Final Draft, August 2011, pp 3-13 to 3-16; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, pp 13-15;

61. Department of the Army, “TC 7-100.2, Opposing Force Tactics,”(TC 7-100.2, 가적수 전술) Approved Final Draft, August 2011, pp 3-13 to 3-16.

62. Department of the Army, “TC 7-100.2, Opposing Force Tactics,”(TC 7-100.2, 가적수 전술) Approved Final Draft, August 2011, pp 3-13 to 3-16; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, p 15.

63. Department of the Army, “TC 7-100.2, Opposing Force Tactics,”(TC 7-100.2, 가적수 전술) Approved Final Draft, August 2011, pp 3-13 to 3-16; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, pp 5-7, 11-15; Homer Hodge, “North Korea’s Military Strategy,”(공화국의 군사전략) Parameters, pp 72-73, Spring 2003, Nautilus DPRK Briefing Book.

64. James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, pp 12-13; Department of the Army, “TC 7-100.2, Opposing Force Tactics,”(TC 7-100.2, 가적수 전술) Approved Final Draft, August 2011, pp 3-9 to 3-13.

65. James M. Minnich, The North Korean People’s Army: Origins and Current Tactics(조선인민군: 기원과 현행 전술), Naval Institute Press, 2005, pp 82-83; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, pp 12-13; Department of the Army, “TC 7-100.2, Opposing Force Tactics,”(TC 7-100.2, 가적수 전술) Approved Final Draft, August 2011, pp 3-9 to 3-13

66. James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, pp 12-13, 29; Department of the Army, “TC 7-100.2, Opposing Force Tactics,”(TC 7-100.2, 가적수 전술) Approved Final Draft, August 2011, pp 3-9 to 3-13.

67. James M. Minnich, The North Korean People’s Army: Origins and Current Tactics(조선인민군: 기원과 현행 전술), Naval Institute Press, 2005, pp 93-99; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, p 19; Department of the Army, “TC 7-100.2, Opposing Force Tactics,”(TC 7-100.2, 가적수 전술) Approved Final Draft, August 2011, pp 4-10 to 4-14.

68. James M. Minnich, The North Korean People’s Army: Origins and Current Tactics(조선인민군: 기원과 현행 전술), Naval Institute Press, 2005, pp 93-94; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, p 19-20.

69. James M. Minnich, The North Korean People’s Army: Origins and Current Tactics(조선인민군: 기원과 현행 전술), Naval Institute Press, 2005, pp 94-96; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, p 19-20.

70. James M. Minnich, The North Korean People’s Army: Origins and Current Tactics(조선인민군: 기원과 현행 전술), Naval Institute Press, 2005, p 96; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, p 19, 20-21.

71. James M. Minnich, The North Korean People’s Army: Origins and Current Tactics(조선인민군: 기원과 현행 전술), Naval Institute Press, 2005, pp 96-97; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, p 19, 22.

72. James M. Minnich, The North Korean People’s Army: Origins and Current Tactics(조선인민군: 기원과 현행 전술), Naval Institute Press, 2005, pp 97-98; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, p 19, 22-23.

73. James M. Minnich, The North Korean People’s Army: Origins and Current Tactics(조선인민군: 기원과 현행 전술), Naval Institute Press, 2005, p 99; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, p 19, 23.

74. James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, p 19, 23.

75. James M. Minnich, The North Korean People’s Army: Origins and Current Tactics(조선인민군: 기원과 현행 전술), Naval Institute Press, 2005, p 96; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, pp 19, 21-23; Department of the Army, “TC 7-100.2, Opposing Force Tactics,”(TC 7-100.2, 가적수 전술) Approved Final Draft, August 2011, pp 4-14 to 4-18.

76. James M. Minnich, The North Korean People’s Army: Origins and Current Tactics(조선인민군: 기원과 현행 전술), Naval Institute Press, 2005, p 96; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, pp 19, 21-23.

77. Military Factory, “Pokpung-ho (Storm Tiger) (M2002) Main Battle Tank (1992),”(《폭풍호》(M2002) 기본땅크(1992)) Military Factory, 27 January 2014; Jung Sung-Ki, “S. Korea Studies North’s New Battle Tank,”(남조선, 북의 새 전투땅크 연구) Defense News, 17 August 2010; David Isenberg, “North Korea rolls out new tank,”(공화국, 새 땅크 공개) Asia Times Online, 6 July 2002.

78. US Library of Congress Federal Research Division, “Area Handbook Series: North Korea—A Country Study,”(지역편람총서: 공화국 – 국가연구) 2008, pp 247-249; Military Periscope, “Nations/Alliances/Geographic Regions: Asia – North Korea: Army,”(국가/동맹/지리적지역: 아시아 – 공화국: 륙군) September 2014, September 2014.

79. US Library of Congress Federal Research Division, “Area Handbook Series: North Korea—A Country Study,”(지역편람총서: 공화국 – 국가연구) 2008, pp 252-253; Military Periscope, “Nations/Alliances/Geographic Regions: Asia – North Korea: Air Force,”(국가/동맹/지리적지역: 아시아 – 공화국: 항공군) September 2014; Periscope, “Nations/Alliances/Geographic Regions: Asia – North Korea: Air Force,”(국가/동맹/지리적지역: 아시아 – 공화국: 항공군) September 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Air Force,”(공화국 > 항공군) 1 September 2014.

80. US Library of Congress Federal Research Division, “Area Handbook Series: North Korea—A Country Study,”(지역편람총서: 공화국 – 국가연구) 2008, pp 253-254; Periscope, “Nations/Alliances/Geographic Regions: Asia – North Korea: Navy,”(국가/동맹/지리적지역: 아시아 – 공화국: 해군) September 2014

81. Periscope, “Nations/Alliances/Geographic Regions: Asia – North Korea: Air Force,”(국가/동맹/지리적지역: 아시아 – 공화국: 항공군) September 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Air Force,”(공화국 > 항공군) 1 September 2014.

82. Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Armed Forces,”(공화국 > 무장력) 2 July 2014.

83. Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Armed Forces,”(공화국 > 무장력) 2 July 2014.

84. Vincent R. Stewart, “Statement for the Record: Worldwide Threat Assessment,”(기록용 진술: 세계 위협평가) Defense Intelligence Agency Director to the Armed Services Committee, United States House of Representatives, 3 February 2015; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Armed Forces,”(공화국 > 무장력) 2 July 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Army,”(공화국 > 륙군) 1 September 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “North Korea – Strategic Weapons Systems,”(공화국 – 전략무기) 23 July 2014.

85. Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Armed Forces,”(공화국 > 무장력) 2 July 2014; James M. Minnich, “North Korean Tactics,”(공화국군 전술) September 2001, United States Army Command and Staff College, Fort Leavenworth KS, pp 28-30.

86. Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Armed Forces,”(공화국 > 무장력) 2 July 2014.

87. Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Armed Forces,”(공화국 > 무장력) 2 July 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Navy,”(공화국 > 해군) 1 September 2014.

88. Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Armed Forces,”(공화국 > 무장력) 2 July 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Security,”(공화국 > 안보) 28 August 2014; Jason Miks, “North Korea Gets Military Trucks,”(공화국, 군용화물자동차 확보) The Diplomat, 24 August 2011.

89. Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Armed Forces,”(공화국 > 무장력) 2 July 2014.

90. Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Armed Forces,”(공화국 > 무장력) 2 July 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Air Force,”(공화국 > 항공군) 1 September 2014; Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Army,”(공화국 > 륙군) 1 September 2014; Jane’s World Air Forces, “North Korea – Air Force,”(공화국 – 항공군) 9 April 2014.

91. Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, “Korea, North > Air Force,”(공화국 > 항공군) 1 September 2014; Jane’s World Air Forces, “North Korea – Air Force,”(공화국 – 항공군) 9 April 2014; Military Periscope, “Nations/Alliances/Geographic Regions: Asia – North Korea: Army,”(국가/동맹/지리적지역: 아시아 – 공화국: 륙군) September 2014.

92. BBC, “Timeline: North Korean attacks,”(년표: 공화국의 공격) 1 April 2013.

93. Association of the United States Army (AUSA), “The U.S. Army in Korea,”(조선에서의 미 륙군) August 2014; Bill Gertz, “North Korea Flight Tests New Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missile,”(공화국, 새 잠수함발사탄도미싸일 비행시험) Free Beacon, 18 February 2015.